What is a first-line treatment for managing hypertension?

The first-line treatment for managing hypertension typically includes ACE inhibitors. These medications are particularly effective in reducing blood pressure by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This leads to vasodilation and, subsequently, a decrease in blood pressure.

ACE inhibitors are also beneficial for individuals with certain coexisting conditions such as heart failure, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, as they provide additional protective cardiovascular effects. Their angiotensin-blocking action helps to improve overall cardiovascular outcomes and reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack.

In contrast, while calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers can also be used to manage hypertension, they are often considered when patients have specific indications or intolerances to first-line agents like ACE inhibitors. Antidepressants have no role in the primary treatment of hypertension and are not indicated for this purpose.